Media Research On The World War II - 1479 Words

A Focus group is defined as a research technique that collects data through a group interaction, on a given topic from the researcher. Along with this definition are some essential components. Firstly, it states that, focus groups are research methods devoted to data collection. Secondly, it signifies the interaction of group discussion as a source of data. Lastly, it acknowledges the active role of researchers in establishing the group discussion in order to collect data (David, 1996.p.130). This media research method has been used previously, since the year 1993. According to the Hardwick Research, focus groups were first used in the U.S, for media research on war propaganda at Princeton University, during the World War II (Hardwick, 2014). The objective was to aid the U.S government to understand the most effective messages that would influence support for the war. Today, focus groups are depended on by researchers who aim to understand the emotions, behaviours and knowledge of selected participants. To add on that, Litosseliti (2003) acknowledges the fact that the dynamism of technology has been able to improve and enrich how data can be collected from a focus group. There are various developments, for example, projections, which uncover participants’ hidden attitudes (Hardwick, 2014). The sole purpose of focus groups is to collect data through conducting primary research. However, aside from data collection, focus groups may also be for other motives, such as: therapy,Show MoreRelated The Technological Revolution901 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopments in science and technology contribute, whether in a perceived positive of negative light. In times such as war, where technology essentially determines the outcome, the public’s perception of technology becomes essential, as well as the implementation of said technology. Many other factors are pertinent in determining the way the public identifies science and technology. After World War II and the evolution of nuclear weapons because of the Manhattan Project, the image of science and technologyRead MoreHow the Two World Wars Altered the Independence of Women1095 Words   |  4 Pagesthe well-known wars of our time, many women were living their lives as oppressed housewives. With the changes that occurred throu ghout the two world wars, women had the chance to break out of their ordinary lifestyles and prove themselves worthy of something more than the housewife stereotype. Each world war brought on a different opportunity for the women of that time period. Women’s increasing roles during the two world wars were made apparent through their lifestyles, the media, and the publicRead MoreHistory of the U.S. Health Care Delivery System1169 Words   |  5 Pagesformulate predictions, one must thoroughly comprehend the three developmental eras of the health care system. The evolution of our current health care system began in 1850, and has metamorphosed in three time periods, 1850 to 1900, 1900 to World War II (WW II), and WW II to 2009. Significant distinct and overlapping trends in disease prevalence, availability of health care resources, social organizations, and the publics knowledge and perception of health and illness and technology. Disease Prevalence Read MoreAmerican System Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pagesparties are not representative. ii. Bicameral system: Federal National i. House of representative (National): Popular issues (i.e. Taxation) ii. Senate (Federal): Analytical/ intellectual issues (i.e. Budget) iii. Small states vs large states and the fact they are either over or under represented (No matter the size they both have the same political power). 1. Creates resentment for the populace and media feeds from the populations discomfort. iii. The civil war mentality is returning: DividedRead MoreUse Of Propaganda During World War II1719 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Propaganda during World War II The second most devastating global conflict, also known as World War II, left over 60 million dead creating panic and fear for citizens all over the world. During these hard times the citizens, dealing with a national crisis, needed something to give them hope that there will be betters days. Propaganda was used in political cartoons to release information that contained biased views and over exaggerations to gain support for the war. These cartoons gave hopeRead MoreFictional Novels and Historical Information in Novel All Quiet on the Western Front829 Words   |  3 Pagestroubles of War World I. The author Erich Maria Remarque himself had been in the war. Nevertheless, there is one negative thing about using nonfiction. For example, a person would still have to do research. A nonfictional novel could be used for historial information depending on the author and their experiences, and if the author has used factual information; however, extra research is still needed. All quit on the western Front is centered in Germany during world war I. World War I had startedRead MoreA Look at the Final Chapter of Timothy Glander’s Book, Origins of Mass Communications Research During the American Cold War: Educational Effects and C1149 Words   |  5 PagesThe final chapter of Timothy Glander’s book, Origins of Mass Communications Research During the American Cold War: Educational Effects and Contemporary Implications (2000) stands as a disappointing example of academic research becoming hijacked by the author’s personal opinion. Focusing on the hidden nature of propaganda in American life, his concluding chapter presents a very drastic view of the individuals who crafted the academic subject now known as mass communications. I see the need for investigatingRead MoreBusiness: Axe Commercial Research Essays1132 Words   |  5 PagesInformation Company Axe is one of the 400 brands which is belonged to Unilever Company. The portfolio of this multinational company focuses on health and wellbeing mainly, including food, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. Many world-leading brands including Axe, Lipton, Knorr, Dove, Hellmann’s and Omo are some of these brands (unilever.com). Market Axe Brand, which was named Lynx in Europe, was first launched in France in 1983 as a teenage boys’ grooming category (theguardianRead MoreThe Effects of Media in Nursing Evolution1207 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: THE EFFECT OF MEDIA The Effect of Media in the Nursing Evolution The Effect of Media in Nursing Evolution The media has played a huge role in the evolution of nursing. Its influence has been both positive and negative. I have chosen to research this subject because of the negative results and feedback that I will provide throughout this paper. This negative influence is directly affecting the number of people that are deciding to pursue nursingRead MoreThe Impact of Apple Computers887 Words   |  4 Pagescomputing, they invented the world first low-cost computer in 1977, the Apple II. Not only these computers are affordable, they were user friendly, and they had a useful program called VisiCalc (the world first spreadsheet that is useful for business people). These computers sold millions (page 138-139). After the success with Apple II, the two Steves work together with Xerox PARC. With the collaboration Apple and Xerox, they invented the Macintosh. Unlike its precedent, the Apple II, the Macintosh it had

How to Change Oil in a Car Essay - 1152 Words

How to Change Oil in a Car Owning a car is usually a significant investment for an individual. Changing the oil on your car plays an important part to help keep it functioning at peak performance and to ensure that your vehicle last for many miles. You might wonder how often does the oil need changing. Well, manufactures advise that the oil is changed every 3,000 miles or every three months, whichever occurs first. Changing the oil is not an extremely difficult task, but it is always good to have someone else there, who has done this before, to help if needed. I would also suggest finding an outfit you wouldn’t mind getting dirty and a pair of rubber gloves to keep your hands clean. The key to keeping any task, especially this†¦show more content†¦Two empty milk containers should do the trick. If you don’t have any laying around, just use the empty oil bottle containers. A funnel works well when transferring the old oil into the containers. Last, some old rags are good for cleaning up spills. Now that all the materials are gathered, we can change into our outfits and get started. Make sure that your car is parked on a level surface, rather than a hill or an inclined driveway. Start your car and let it run for about 10 minutes. This process allows the oil to warm up which makes it drain quicker than cold oil. Shut the car off and engage the parking brake. Place jack under vehicle lift points, located on the frame rails just behind the front tires. Raise the car by pumping the jack up and down, giving enough clearance to slid the jack stand under the car. Place the jack stand under the frame or anywhere sturdy enough to support the weight of the car. Adjust the height of the stands to allow room for you to get under the car. After jack stands are positioned, slowly lower the car onto the stands by turning the pole on the jack to left. Now its time to grab your drain pan and slide under the car to located the oil pan. It is located on the lowest, very bottom part of the engine. There is a plug, which is a bolt, located on the bottom part of the oil pan. Make sure you are not directly underneath the plug. The drain pan should be directly under it. Use a socket wrench or an adjustable wrench toShow MoreRelatedDemonstration Speech945 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Demonstration Speech HOW TO CHANGE THE OIL IN A CAR General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To demonstrate to the audience how to properly change the oil in a car. Central Idea: Changing the oil in your car is a simple task that one can easily perform at home. INTRODUCTION I. When you’re driving down the road and your odometer trips another 3000 miles you’re probably thinking there goes another 30 dollars for an oil change. II. Changing the oil in your car is a simple task thatRead More How To Change the Oil in your Cars Engine Essay764 Words   |  4 PagesHow To Change the Oil in your Cars Engine Automobiles are Americans second largest investment after real estate. It is impoprtant to understand how to keep your car performing at its best. The major components of a car consist of the engine, transmission, brakes, suspension, and tires. The purpose of this essay is to guide you through the process of changing the oil in your cars engine. An oil change is recommended every 3,000 to 5,000 miles depending on your driving style and conditionsRead MoreWhat Makes Your Owner s Manual?905 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the simplest car maintenance tasks to handle yourself is changing the oil. Along with replacing the oil filter, your oil change outlay should come in around $25 or typically half the cost of having your dealer or service center do the work for you. We’ll take a look at how to change your own oil, including the tools you will need and the environmentally responsible way for disposing the old oil and the filter. This is a job you can complete within a half hour. 1. Assemble your materialsRead MoreEssay On Changing Oil1196 Words   |  5 PagesThe task of changing oil in your car is neither as easy as threading a needle nor as difficult as building a rocket. But this is the least you can do to serve your car at home if you only know and follow a simple procedure, precautions and tips. Following which can not only save you from the extra trouble of going to the service station and waiting for an hour or half till the oil is changed but it also helps you save the money you would pay unnecessarily to the service man at fuel station and buyRead MoreEssay on The Basics of Vehicle Maintenance557 Words   |  3 Pages This is about Maintenance of Car. The basics of vehicle maintenance is how to change your oil, a tire, or a fuse, check tire pressure, detail your car, store a vehicle, and more. After this paragraph, it will explain how to do those things with more information’s. The important thing is follow the Instructions and follow every step in the process. The fuse always breaks all the time. So to prevent the danger, broken fuse will cause as such like fire and serious damage, you have to replace theRead MoreEssay about Xpresso Lube819 Words   |  4 Pagesthe knowledge of oil-change from his family members and also good in musician. Xpresso Lube was found because Charlie had an unpleasant experience while getting his car oil changed. He witnesses the lube technician was trying to â€Å"ripped off† an elderly lady. From that incident onwards, it gave him a clear idea of setting up his own oil-change station. From the oil change business, Charlie, wants to move customers in an out as quickly as possible. 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Before you begin, make sure to understand the risks involved. Getting under a car can be extremely dangerous without the proper safety equipment. An unsupported car can fall and seriously injure or kill you. Hot oil can burn you as well, so makeRead MoreResearch Paper On Changing Oil882 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever change oil? It is usually, time to the oil when the oil light comes on. Most owner manuals suggest you should change the oil between 3,000 to 5,000 miles. You also can tell that it is time to change your oil when your gas starts to run out fast. A standard oil change can be performed by any adult with common sense, and that is physically capable of doing one if health permits. This procedure can be performed anywhere that is safe. It is essential to change your oil because not changingRead MoreHow to Do an Oil Change (Process Essay Example)989 Words   |  4 PagesRene Hutchinson Rosemary Mack English 091 20 October 2012 How to change your car’s oil. Having a car not only implies driving it, but also involves taking care of it, which can be expensive. Fortunately there are certain things we can do by ourselves. An oil change periodically is imperative to keep a car in optimum conditions and actually it is easier to do than it sounds. Is good to know that a car needs an oil change every 3000 to 5000 miles or 3 months, whichever comes first

Poems from the ‘Book of matches’ Free Essays

I have decided to use two poems from the book of matches, ‘Those bastards in their mansions’, ‘I’ve made out a will’ and the poem ‘Kid’ to compare and contrast. Simon Armitage wrote ‘Book of matches’ in 1993. It is a selection of poems without titles. We will write a custom essay sample on Poems from the ‘Book of matches’ or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each poem is meant to be read in the time that it takes for a match to burn down. There is a pun in the title, a packet from which we tear out the matches a book, but this is also a book in the normal sense, with words for us to read. Both of these poems are fourteen lines long, but they are not strictly a sonnet in form. ‘I’ve made out a will’ has irregular rhymes, both full and half rhymes. It is split so that there is a first block of eight lines, then a second block of six lines, which is split into a four and a two. The final section is split so that it ends in a couplet like a Shakespearean sonnet. Some may argue that this poem is not a sonnet because it does not follow a conventional sonnet form, such as a Shakespearean sonnet or a Petrarchan sonnet. ‘Those bastards in their mansions’ has some weird features to its structure. Ten of the first eleven lines end in an unstressed syllable, and there are some rhymes such as â€Å"ditches/britches†, â€Å"porches and torches†, and there is the part-rhyme in â€Å"shackles/ankles†. At the end of the poem, there is short lines and true rhyme on one syllable, â€Å"sun† and gun†. This may suggest the power of the shadowy outlaw, who eludes his wealthy foes. Like ‘Those bastards in their mansions’, in the poem ‘Kid’, every line ends with an unstressed syllable. Every line ends with the ‘-er’ sound. The poem starts off with heavy syllables to emphasise that Robin, the persona of the poem is annoyed. The heavy syllables are almost like Robin is shouting, and they show that he is in a mood. It is almost comical how the poet manages to end every line with ‘-er’. As the poem progresses, the reader wonders how the poet is able to continue with this pattern. The poem is ideally suited to be read aloud, as the ending lines accumulate, the listeners wonder how the reader will keep up. ‘I’ve made out a will’ is about an organ donor with a reservation. The speaker in the poem explains how he has decided to donate his body to the National Health Service. He says how he is going to donate everything apart from his heart. Not only is he going to donate his organs, but he has also ‘made out a will’ so that his wishes are taken out after he has died. He lists all of the parts that he is ‘sure they can use’, but some things would only be useful for research, such as veins and nerves. In ‘Those bastards in their mansions’, the persona of the poem has a grudge against people. He mentions words such as ‘mansions’, ‘palaces’ and ‘castles’. Here this is probably a large exaggeration, but it could be taken literally as the poem could be set in the past, there is mention of ‘burning torches’ and ‘cuffs and shackles’. Like in ‘Those bastards in their mansions’, in ‘Kid’, Robin has a grudge against Batman. Simon Armitage imagines that Robin has separated from Batman and that he has succeeded and that Batman has turned into a failure. It says how Batman has ‘nothing in the walk-in larder’. This is the opposite to ‘Those bastards in their mansions’ because in that poem the persona has nothing compared to the people he has a grudge against and is jealous. At the end of the first eight-line section, the speaker concludes his list with the one exception, ‘but not the heart, they can leave that alone’. And at the end of the poem, he repeats this, ‘but not the pendulum, the ticker/leave that where it stops or hangs’ he does not say why he does not want his heart to be used again, maybe it is because it is the part of him that keeps him alive, and he does not think that it would be right if someone else used this part. To the national health, the heart is the most valuable organ, so we do not know why the reader wants so much to hold onto his heart, he emphasises how much he wants his heart by the amount of times that he says that he does not want it to be used. This poem has a vivid series of metaphors, which are in lists. The metaphors portray different things. Some of the images have medical overtones, ‘tubes’, ‘stitches’ and ‘wounds’. These are quite graphic words and show us that the reader predicts dying maybe in an accident, and that he could receive surgery. There are words to do with workshops such as glues and chassis. Others respond to food or cookery such as ‘jellies’, ‘syrups’, ‘loaf’ and ‘gallon†¦of bilberry soup’. There are a lot of different images only for one thing. The skeleton is known as the ‘chassis’, ‘cage’, and ‘cathedral of bone’. Throughout the second part of the poem, there is an extended metaphor. This is one of a clock. Here there is ‘loops and coils and crockets and springs and rods, the twines and cords and strands, the face, the case, the cogs and the hands,’ †˜the face’ and ‘the hands’ are already words for parts of the human body, but other parts of this phrase can be worked in to go along with other parts of the human body. In the last two lines he says how he does not want his heart to be touches, he compares this with ‘the pendulum, the ticker’. These are the parts of the clock that makes everything work, just like the human heart. In this passage, Simon Armitage uses lots of metaphors. This is to emphasise points. For example, he uses not only ‘pendulum’, but also ‘ticker’ to talk about the heart. Throughout this poem the poet describes the human body merely as lots of parts, he shows no emotion towards anything apart from the heart. This could be because the speaker sees the heart as being the most important part of a mechanism, like a pendulum in a clock. It also maybe that he values the heart as a symbol of all things that make life worth living, a heart is the symbol of love, affection, energy, desire, and much more. Or, perhaps he feels that he is inside his heart, and it is like a soul, and if he gives up his heart then he is giving up his immortality. How to cite Poems from the ‘Book of matches’, Papers

Variety of Heuristic Strategies Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Variety of Heuristic Strategies. Answer: Elimination by aspects Strategy Heuristics refer to simple, efficient rules used by people in the decision-making process. Decision makers have a variety of heuristic strategies at their disposal. My most preferred strategy is elimination by aspects which involves identification of the most important attribute for me and cutting off those options that do not meet the criteria (Goodwin and Wright, 2014). This strategy ensures that I am left with the single most important option among multiple options. For example, when I want to buy a new phone I use one important attribute such as internal storage capacity and Camera megapixels and discard some of the available options because they have a lower capacity or camera megapixels than I desire until I am left with the best option. Advantages Among the advantages of this method is that it is relatively easy to use and can be justified easily (Zeleny, 2011). Disadvantage This strategy does not, however, guarantee that the options retained are better than those eliminated (Goodwin and Wright, 2014). References Goodwin, P. and Wright, G., 2014. Decision Analysis for Management Judgment 5th ed. John Wiley and sons. Zeleny, M., 2011. Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM): From paradigm lost to paradigm regained?. Journal of Multi?Criteria Decision Analysis, 18(1-2), pp.77-89.

Michael Obi Essay free essay sample

Michael Obi in Dead Men’s Path is an excitable young man who gets a chance to get his hopes of progressing the Ndume Central School fulfilled when he is appointed headmaster. His obsession with â€Å"modern ways† and extreme eagerness to make changes negatively affect his decision making on how important the path is to the town’s natives. His dismissal and refusal to acknowledge the tradition is the inevitable means to the end of the story. Obi is so focused on his assignment of bringing the school into the modern world that he is blind to how important the traditional tribal ways and beliefs are to the townspeople he needs to work with in order for the school to be successful. He is very stubborn and refuses to keep an open mind about the path. His only focus is making the school as modern as possible and to stamp out anything old and traditional. We will write a custom essay sample on Michael Obi Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He ignores the warnings from the fellow teachers and signs from the villagers about the path. When another teacher warns him about how there was â€Å"a big row† the last time someone attempted to close the path, he brushes it off and decides to block it off anyways. Even when the village priest calls on Obi to tell him how much the village depended on the path and how important it is to their tradition, he would still not listen and respect what the priest has to say. After a young woman dies during childbirth Obi finally has to face the consequences of his stubbornness to compromise with the villagers. Obi shows an inability to compromise with the villagers because of his complete belief in modern ways and his negative attitude towards the primitive (as he sees them) beliefs of the villagers. Obi will not allow the villagers to make a highway out of the school. He feels that his goal  with the school is to teach students through â€Å"modern ways† to laugh at the idea of tradition. He doesnt think that students can be taught in these modern ways and still respect their ancestors tradition. This ultimately leads to the school’s downfall. Conclusion In the end, Michael Obi is not able to accomplish his goal of creating a modern school from an unprogressive one. He is so focused on his goal that he will not listen to the villagers or respect their cultural tradition. He ignores the warnings teachers and villagers give him about the importance of the footpath and shows a complete inability to compromise with them because of his attitude towards their beliefs. This in the end leads to the destruction of the school and Michael Obi’s dream with it.

Lord of the Flies Symbolism essays

Lord of the Flies Symbolism essays Man is a fallen being. He is gripped by original sin. His nature is sinful, and this leads to chaotic consequences. In Lord of the Flies, William Golding presents the theme of mans capacity for evil and its effects on the deterioration of society. This idea is displayed through symbols in the novel, especially objects and the characters. The characters, which serve as allegorical symbols for various human types, begin a descent into primitive and bloodthirsty savagery. Instead of being presented as well-rounded individuals, they each display specific qualities that are found in every man. Ralph, the protagonist, expresses rational thought and ethical behavior under the unsupervised circumstances. He portrays the role of government in any modern society. While he wants to satisfy the wishes of the public, he also realizes that certain rules of conduct must be followed in order to prevent anarchy. Jack is Ralphs antithesis who represents anarchy and savagery. Piggy is Ralphs stabilizing force; he is the intellectual power of the society. Simon, representing intuitive insight and self-awareness, is a mystic who understands that the beast is really the evil inside the boys. The pigs head, the most striking symbol in the novel, represents the uncontrollable dark side of humankind. Originally, it was left as a sacrifice to the beast. However, the pigs head tells Simon that it is the beast itself, and the boys were foolish for thinking the beast was something they could hunt and kill. This fear of the beast is implanted into the boys minds, thus disrupting the unity of their system. Fear of the unknown begins the boys lapse into irrational thinking and behavior. The conch shell is a key symbol in the island civilization and its fall. The conch is used by Ralph to summon meetings, and it represents order and civilization. At the first assembly ...

Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Ethics - Assignment Example Liberal tolerance is good. However, there are limits to liberal ethics. It is essential for politicians to comprehend that a comprehensive argument, whether written or in oral form, is significant at all stages of policy formulation. For instance, the electorate, the political parties, the executive, the local courts, interest groups and the media often involve themselves in reciprocal persuasion and continuous debates. According to liberal theorists, the above process commences with expression of general concerns and ends with decisions that are concrete. Arguments are essential not only in clarifying politicians’ position regarding an issue but also focusing people around their position. For instance, when a policy is perfectly explained by a group of individuals seeking self interest or goals, those who aim to justify the policy must plea to the interest of the public and the intellectual merits of the case under discussion. Individuals often miss a great point when they try to comprehend the process of policy making in terms of influence, bargaining and power to the exclusion of argument and debate. Arguments are the only avenue through which policy makers and citizens arrive at moral policy choices and judgments. As a result, debates produce outcomes that are far beyond the authoritarian capabilities or policy making technocratic methods (Majone, 1989). In environmental project, conflict is inevitable as change appears to be. As a matter of fact, it is impossible for individuals with backgrounds, norms and skills that are diverse to make decisions, work together and try to meet project objectives and goals without conflict. This raises the need to formulate tangible strategies of handling conflicts. According to Follet (1973), there are three principal ways of managing conflict. These include integration, compromise and domination. Domination is the triumph of one party over another. It is perceived to be

Leadership strategy issues in NONPROFIT HOSPITALS concentrate on how Essay

Leadership strategy issues in NONPROFIT HOSPITALS concentrate on how leadership strategy involves a mission, financial manageme - Essay Example As The Attorney General’s Community Benefits Guidelines (n.d.) points out, the non-profit hospitals have the fiduciary obligation to extend their services to concerned communities on the account of individuals’ tax-exempt status. The governing board and senior management are responsible for framing various organizational strategies which would enable the non-profit hospitals to dispose their duties and responsibilities effectively. In contrast, an inefficient strategic management may adversely affect the basic values of such organizations. Therefore, the non-profit hospitals must oversee the development and implementation of the community benefits plan. To be more specific, they must also design the method to be followed, resources to be accumulated, and the mechanism to be deployed for periodical monitoring. Significance of mission in leadership strategy To begin with, since non-profit hospitals are also separate legal entities, they can also deal with revenues and exp enses; and the assets of such hospitals are publicly held. Since these organizations operate on a charitable basis, they may get various sources of public finance including donations and others. Hence, officials dealing with finance department tend to misuse such organizations’ funds which in turn would affect the basic objective of the non-profit hospitals. ... The Attorney General’s Community Benefits Guidelines oblige the non-profit hospitals to serve the health and social needs of the community they serve (Community benefits guidelines for hospitals and HMOs, 2007). These guidelines insist that hospitals must collaborate with community representatives in order to identify their needs and to plan appropriate prevention programs. Fletcher Allen health care community benefits strategic plan (2010) suggests that the major mission of a non-profit hospital is to deliver the proposed community benefits plans effectively to the communities it serves. So as to implement this mission efficiently, usually hospital management designates a community benefits team that comprises of a number of hospital leaders and different operational group representatives. This process requires efficient strategic leadership skills because an ineffective grouping may largely minimize the result of the community benefits plan. The management must also ensure t he service of social workers and health educators to reach the respective communities easily. While implementing the proposed program, it is necessary for the firm to monitor the efficacy of the program at various phases, because it would help the management to identify the weaker areas. Hence, it is advisable for the hospital management to designate a community benefits manager who is responsible for closely watching the operational efficacy of the program. Importance of financial management in leadership In order to implement the community benefits plan efficiently, the hospital must adequately deal with financial management. It is obvious that these organizations carry out their operations on non-profitable basis, and therefore, they would

Aviation Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Aviation Safety - Essay Example Success in this endeavor is defined by the extent to which aviation security personnel remain one step ahead of terrorists. When the "Shoe Bomber," Richard Reed, was able to board a transatlantic commercial airliner following 9/11, it marked a monumental failure of aviation security. Since then the sight of airline passengers in security checkpoints removing their footwear has become commonplace. Obviously, adjusting security to account for methods of terror that have already been attempted is essential. However, the real success of security happens when those threats are predicted and guarded against before anyone actually carries them out. Among all such threats that have been contemplated, there is one that stands out as a glaring risk about which shockingly little has been done. That is the potential for checked luggage and cargo loaded into the hold of an airplane to be rigged with explosives. To date, no airline or airport routinely screens checked bags and cargo for explosives. Some small scale pilot projects are in the works to test methods of doing this. Nevertheless, it is quite surprising that five years after 9/11, a terrorist could go to an airport and check through a bomb-laden suitcase that very likely would make it aboard a commercial airliner. ... ee's antitrust subcommittee, faulted airlines for not ensuring that a person who checks luggage actually gets on the flight, already the practice in Europe. At the same time, he noted, checked bags are not routinely screened for explosives." The AP went on to quote Senator Kohl stating, "On a given day, a group of saboteurs could load up 12 different airplanes across the country with explosives, go home, and we would have a disaster." The airline industry responded that it would be impossible to match luggage to passengers given the structure of the U.S. air travel system; and even if it were possible, such an undertaking would not thwart a terrorist who was willing to die by boarding the flight on which his/her checked bags contained a bomb (Associated Press, 2001). Donald Carty, President and CEO of American Airlines, asserted that a bag to passenger matching system would ultimately lead to reduced flights and layoffs. Senator Kohl described a two-pronged problem with aviation security. The first, and arguably the key, issue is that checked luggage makes its way on board commercial airliners without being screened for explosives or other potential threats. Secondarily, the failure to ensure that those who check luggage actually board their flight makes it possible for someone to place a bomb aboard a flight with no risk to him/herself. Arguably, if the former problem were adequately addressed, then the latter one would not be nearly as great a concern. Many would consider it shocking that even before 9/11 checked luggage was not screened. The procedure of going through airport security checkpoints, scanning carry-on items and going through metal detectors fostered a false sense of security in many people. Surely, many would think, if such precautions were taken with

Effects of Confirmation Bias on Consumer Attitudes Toward GM

Effects of Confirmation Bias on Consumer Attitudes Toward GM Literature Review: Evaluating the Effects of Confirmation Bias on Consumers Attitudes Toward Genetically Modified Foods Genetically modified foods (GMFs) have been a part of American life for more than twenty years, with the USDA approving the first commercial crop in 1994 (Bruening Lyons, 2000). Since then, genetically modified (GM) crops have boomed, with an estimated 70% of processed foods on grocery store shelves containing GM ingredients (Chrispeels, 2014). The United States Department of Agriculture has recognized many benefits of GM crops, including greater yields, increased nutritional value, and better seed quality (Fernandez-Cornejo et al, 2014). Given the current global food climate, with hunger and starvation still being prevalent in many countries, this is an important benefit. Since the introduction of GM crops into the food chain, a lot of questions have been asked regarding their safety and much research has been done in this regard. A 2014 meta-analysis of the previous ten years of data indicates that GMOs do not pose any direct threat to human health (Nicolia et al, 2014). Indeed, most scientists (Funk et al., 2015) and the World Health Organization (2015) believe that GM foods are safe to eat. Despite this data, only just over a third of Americans believe GMOs are safe for human consumption (Funk et al, 2015) and many will spend more for foods that they know are non-GMO (Fernandez-Cornejo et al., 2014). This indicates that GM foods continue to be a contentious issue, and it is one that is often played out on social media (Stevens et al., 2016). Food safety is an inherently emotional issue (Anderson 2000), and contentious issues, particularly emotional ones, are often hyped up in the media (Stieglitz Dang-Xuan, 2013). When consumers go to the media seeking information on the emotionally charged issue of GM food, they will find that much of information that is easily accessible to them is negative and centered more on popular opinion that scientific facts (Mahgoub, 2016; McCluskey, Swinnen, Vandermoortele, 2015). The medias negative portrayal of GM food has been linked to consumers negative perception of the products (Marques, Critchley, Walshe, 2014; Vilella-Villa Costa-Font, 2008). Both public opinion and scientific data play a part in how governments and regulatory bodies develop their policies, highlighting the importance of understanding the evidence and what shapes consumer attitudes toward GMOs (Druckman Bolsen, 2011; Page Shapiro, 1983). Public opinion is formed from the attitudes of individuals (Katz, 1960). Hostility to GMOs can lead to limiting development of research about them (e.g. Ceccoli Hixon, 2012) and restrict or ban the use of the technology (e.g. Siegrist, 2000). The success of GMO foods on the market depends on public opinion (Moschini et al, 2005). Facebook is the most popular social media platform in the United States. Nearly 80% of online Americans use Facebook, and of those, 76% use it every day, and 55% visit it several times a day (Funk Rainie, 2015). Many American adults (62%) get their news from Facebook and nearly a fifth (18%) do it often (Gottfried Shearer, 2016). Facebook offers near-instantaneous access to news and information in users newsfeeds, offering a greater ease of selectivity over more traditional media sources (Westerwick et al, 2013). However, the selectivity is biased towards users preexisting beliefs and attitudes, and serves to limit the amount of information available to them through the use of their algorithm that provides messaging consistent with previous likes of the user, as well as web searches, thus increasing the effect of selective exposure (Bakshy et al., 2015; Pariser, 2011), and an effect to which most people may be unaware of (Powers, 2017). This leads to tailoring a news feed that is i ncreasingly fragmented and polarized to the existing attitudes of the individual user (Westerwick et al, 2013). Facebook also elicits quick responses from users by way of how information is presented and does not require the user to put much cognitive effort into assessing its veracity. Users will often accept the first message they encounter without doing any further investigation (Flanagin Metzger, 2007; Chen et al, 2015), engaging in what Petty and Cacioppo (1986) termed peripheral processing. This is common in user assessment on online media (Fogg et al, 2003) and when making food-related decisions (Frewer et al., 1997). In this type of processing, people rely on simple cues (Andrews et al., 2011; Walters et al, 2012) and cognitive heuristics, such as confirmation bias, to evaluate information and form an attitude about it. This is particularly true when people want to decide about an issue that they do not know much about and are uncertain about the risks, benefits, and consequences (Tversky and Kanehan, 1975). With peripheral processing, no higher-order thinking, or central processing, goes into their formation of opinion. While engaged in peripheral processing, people will discredit the attitude incongruent information off-hand or will alter their perception of it so that it fits into their pre-existing schemas (Petty Cacioppo, 1986; Festinger, 1957). People generally prefer messages that fit with their pre-existing beliefs, and regardless of how much importance they attach to an issue, they are not likely to spend much time looking for credible information (Westerwick et al, 2013). The problem with engaging in peripheral processing when encountering messages on a platform like Facebook is that the credibility of the information they are accessing is often not verified (e.g., Moody, 2011) and people rarely verify the credibility of this information (Metzger, 2007). The information may be based on inferior data, is often driven by personal opinion (Ennals et. al, 2010), has no real standards for quality control or regulatory controls, and can be easily altered (Metzger et al, 2013). As mentioned earlier, confirmation bias is a cognitive heuristic that may be utilized when people are engaged in peripheral processing. The confirmation bias is a tendency for people to pay more attention to and attribute greater importance to information that is congruent with what they believe while overlooking or discrediting information that does not fit their preexisting beliefs (Klayman and Ha, 1987). Confirmation bias with regards to media exposure is well documented, with the first instance noted over seventy years ago (Lazarsfeld et al., 1944), however, the effect of confirmation bias on user attitudes is not consistent across different types of messaging. Political messaging and confirmation bias are well documented, but this is not the case for health messaging. Westerwick et al. (2013) found that people are generally more likely to look for credible information sources when it comes to their health. Alternatively, confirmation bias may be more pronounced if media coverage about an issue is negative, as could also be the case with GM foods (Lusk et al, 2014; Slovic, 1987). Given the impact of food safety on ones health, the question arises as to the role that confirmation bias has in consumers attitude formation toward GMOs, and this has not yet been adequately addressed by existing research. Research in this area would contribute to the knowledge of how to best design messaging to positively persuade public opinion regarding GMOs. Purpose and Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of attitudinally congruent and attitudinally non-congruent messaging concerning GMOs on how consumers self-evaluate GM foods under the Elaboration Likelihood framework. To accomplish this purpose the following objectives were constructed: Collect data on the pre-existing knowledge and beliefs of the audience about GMOs. Compare the perceptions of attitudinally congruent and attitudinally non-congruent GMO messaging. Compare the beliefs and attitudes of consumers pre and post-message exposure. References Andrews, J. C., Burton, S., Kees, J. (2011). 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How to Make Sandblasted Signs :: essays papers

How to Make Sandblasted Signs Process & Analysis How To Make Sandblasted Signs. The only necessary tools you need are: basswood, or red wood, rubber masking, spray glue, exacto knife, sand paper, paint (which most of these items you can find at your local hardware store). Also you need to know someone in your community who has a sandblasting machine to sandblast your sign. You will also need a design for your board. (It can be your name, or a symbol of what ever you want it to be.) First thing you need to do is to get some bass or red wood. Cut the boards to the exact size you want by using a band saw or hand saw. Also, use the following methods such as gluing, planing, and squaring the boards to the exact length you want your sign to be. Once you have squared your board with the square, your sign will be even on each side. The next step will be to apply the rubber masking to your board. Now you are ready to put your design on the rubber masking. Apply the spray glue to the rubber masking. Once you have sprayed the glue (in a well ventilated area) to the masking you should wait for about 2 minutes for the adhesive to dry, and begin to cut out your design you have chosen. This is a very time consuming task so it is best to take your time. This is the time to start cutting on your masking. It is best to leave about one half of an inch around the outside edge of the board. Use your exacto knife to cut the masking. Make sure to center your design and that it is suitably sized to your board. It is important not to make the cuts too small or the sand will tear the rubber masking off. You need to find someone in the community that does sandblasting. This could be at a monument engraving service near by. They use a special sand that is very fine to cut the wood. Sandblasters also use an air compressor to shoot the air and sand out at a high rate of speed. This process will cost between $2-$5 and the time to complete is approximately two days. Once you get the sign back from the sandblasting service, you are ready to